Acid Throwing Essay -- Violence

Having your face disfigured and burned in a matter of seconds is not what whatsoever woman has in mind as a consequence when they refuse to go on a date with a man. Sadly, this form of violence or Acid Throwing is happening in the gender-stratified or Caste system countries. The intent of this essay is to inform the reader what acid throwing is how and why it happens and provide several facts or so this crime. Hopefully, one of these organizations will assist these women who have been victimized, and hopefully they can lead a normal life.This is a horrific act occurring overseas in countries such as Bangladesh, Cambodia, Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan. Nitric, hydrochloric, or sulfuric acids are thrown into someones face and it causes the skin to dissolve through all of the layers. The acid exposes the bones, burns the eyes, the honker and the hair is often destroyed This results in permanent disfigurement of the victims body and emotional well being. More often than not, it i s happening to women rather than men. It is one of the most degrading acts that a person could do to another individual. Why would someone do such a ghastly crime? There are more questions we have about the underlying reason of the crimes. Acid throwing is happening often because a woman did something a man did not like or something she did offend him. It doesnt necessarily have to be a woman victim there are reported cases of victimized men, but the rate isnt anywhere near the women being victimized. Astoundingly, this is happening to children as young as four years old as punishment. Many cases result in acid throwing because of shore up disputes, family disputes, political rivalry, infidelity, broken marriage, rejection and a refusal of a relationshi... ...tp//www.licadhocambodia.org/pressrelease.php?perm=49.7. Martyn, Angeline. UNFPA - Working to End Acid Attacks in Bangladesh by 2015.UNFPA - United Nations Population Fund. Web. 13 Nov. 2010..8. Swanson / Harvard College, J ordan. Acid Attacks Bangladeshs Efforts to hang on the Violence. Harvard Computer Society People. Technology. Awesome. Mar.-Apr. 2002. Web. 14 Nov. 2010. .9. Kirk, Gwyn. Womens Lives Multicultural Perspectives. New York McGraw Hill,2010.10. Copycat Acid Attack? - The Early Show - CBS parole. Breaking News Headlines Business, Entertainment & World News - CBS News. Web. 2 Nov. 2010..

Philosophical Anthropology Essays -- Philosophy Essays

Philosophical AnthropologyABSTRACT Philosophers kittynot avoid addressing the question of whether philosophical anthropology (that is, specifically philosophical inquiry about sympathetic genius and human phenomenon) is possible. Any answer must be articulated in the context of the nature and function of philosophy. In other words, philosophical anthropology must be specify as an account of the nature of the subject of philosophical mentation. I argue that if philosophical thinkers admit that they are beings in nature, culture, and history, then the possibility of a unequivocally philosophical theory of human nature and human phenomenon should be discarded. Rather, philosophys catalytic and integrative role in human cognition should be stressed.Anthropological interests on the part of philosophers can be explained on different levels. Since thinking in general is reflective, philosophical thinkers must naturally be interested in dread the nature of humans, which they themselves are, including the nature of their own thinking. But non-philosophical theorists can also be reflective enough to seek an understanding of human nature and the nature of their trace thinking. On a deeper level, with their realization that cognitive functions including philosophical thinking are characteristically human, philosophers may come to reflect upon how such functions are conditioned by human conditions. But such conditions can be addressed by empirical sciences as well, sometimes with greater methodological care or sincerity than can be found among some philosophers, as in cognitive psychology or cultural anthropology. If, in the course of the development of philosophy as a discipline, human experience becomes the primary thematic ... ...y is partly explainable by different influences from outside philosophy. The juxtaposition and comparison of, for instance, the views of Aristotle, Aquinas, Descartes, Hume, Kant, Marx and Nietzsche on human nature should make us despai r of finding a philosophical essence of anthropological views. The distinct contribution that philosophy as a discipline can make to the understanding of humans is not so much special content or even a method as its ethos of valuing critical thinking and integration of human knowledge. Philosophical anthropology, as a special area of a unique discipline, should be held suspect. There only is a dimension to separately inquiry where many, if not all, of the questions philosophers raise are significant. The mission of philosophy is to make all human inquiries, including the anthropological, maximally reflective in the given cultural situation.

Philosophical Anthropology Essays -- Philosophy Essays

Philosophical AnthropologyABSTRACT Philosophers send awaynot avoid addressing the question of whether philosophic anthropology (that is, specifically philosophical interrogation about gracious nature and human phenomenon) is possible. every answer must be articulated in the context of the nature and function of philosophy. In other words, philosophical anthropology must be defined as an account of the nature of the subject of philosophical thinking. I argue that if philosophical thinkers admit that they are beings in nature, culture, and history, then the possibility of a uniquely philosophical theory of human nature and human phenomenon should be discarded. Rather, philosophys catalytic and integrative role in human cognition should be stressed.Anthropological interests on the stir up of philosophers can be explained on different levels. Since thinking in general is reflective, philosophical thinkers must naturally be interested in understanding the nature of humans, which the y themselves are, including the nature of their own thinking. But non-philosophical theorists can also be reflective enough to seek an understanding of human nature and the nature of their characteristic thinking. On a deeper level, with their realization that cognitive functions including philosophical thinking are characteristically human, philosophers may come to reflect upon how such functions are conditioned by human conditions. But such conditions can be addressed by empirical sciences as well, sometimes with greater methodological care or seriousness than can be found among some philosophers, as in cognitive psychology or cultural anthropology. If, in the course of the development of philosophy as a discipline, human experience becomes the primary thematic ... ...y is partly explainable by different influences from outside philosophy. The juxtaposition and comparison of, for instance, the views of Aristotle, Aquinas, Descartes, Hume, Kant, Marx and Nietzsche on human nature should chance upon us despair of finding a philosophical essence of anthropological views. The distinct contribution that philosophy as a discipline can draw to the understanding of humans is not so much special content or even a method as its ethos of valuing critical thinking and integrating of human knowledge. Philosophical anthropology, as a special area of a unique discipline, should be held suspect. There only is a dimension to each inquiry where many, if not all, of the questions philosophers raise are significant. The mission of philosophy is to make all human inquiries, including the anthropological, maximally reflective in the given cultural situation.

English Translation of Chinese Neologisms from the Perspective

1. Introduction Language is dynamic. Every day there are new words coming into use in languages and there are umpteen others fading away from lexicon. Chinese, one of the oldest languages in the world, still possesses this dynamism. Language serves as a tool of communication and int whilection, thus it reflects the social changes, and meanwhile social changes sustain their expressions in language, which leads to the advent of neologisms. The appearances of new inventions, new technologies, new ideas and new social phenomena are capable of bringing neologisms into languages.In the twentieth speed of light, Chinese neologism has undergone three stages the starting line stage was from 1919, after the May 4th Movement the second stage was from the establishment of Peoples Republic of China to 1978 the third stage began with the polity of reform and opening-up. Entering into the new century, the development of society has hasted their paces and the communication between centuries bec omes more frequent. Language is witnessing the changes. During recent years, an increasing number of new words has been select into Chinese.Therefore, as the translator, he or she shoulders the responsibility of translating the new words properly in order to convey the Chinese culture to other countries, and this has proved to be a great challenge. Though there are many dictionaries and handbooks which study Chinese neologisms and the translation of Chinese neologisms, the study of neologism translation is far from enough. This thesis will discuss the translation strategies in order to accomplish the translation of Chinese neologisms efficiently by adopting the theoretical foundation of Eugene A.Nidas Functional Equivalence. The thesis is divided into six parts. The first part is introduction the second part focuses on the origins and characteristics of Chinese neologism the third part puts its emphasis on the theoretical basisFunctional Equivalence, which was proposed by the fa mous American translation theorist Eugene A. Nida the fourth part discusses the respective translation strategies under the guidance of the translation theory. The 5th part talks about the existing problems in neologism translation and how to solve these problems.Last part is a conclusion of the whole thesis. Neologisms emerged in the new century especially new words of 2008 will be adopted as main examples, because they are endowed with fresher and richer contents and reflect the characteristics of new era more evidently. The examples and their translations are quoted mainly from China Daily, Global Times and official translation versions of political documents. This thesis will not specify the respective obtain of each neologism.

5 Stages of Team Development – Summary

Five Stages of Team Development celestial latitude 17, 2012 Abstract This paper will evaluate the five stages of team development Forming stage, Storming stage, Norming stage, do stage and Adjourning stage. twist effective, cohesive teams has never played such a pivotal role in a companys success as it does today. PI Worldwide 2010 Retrieved from http//www. piworldwide. com/Solutions/Leadership-Development/Team-Building. aspx on December 17, 2012. Team building is an important part of ensuring success within an organization.All the stages may not be used in both instance, however it is a guideline that, if used correctly, will ensure better communication, decision making, increased productivity and over alone success. PI Worldwide 2010 Retrieved from http//www. piworldwide. com/Solutions/Leadership-Development/Team-Building. aspx on December 17, 2012. I will evaluate each stage and compare it with real-life experiences to show how effective this system can be. Forming Stage The fo rming stage is where a throng of throng come together to work on a consider.In this initial stage of team development the members take a more formal approach to how they circulate with each other, there would be no clear idea of goals or expectations. Management Study Guide 2008-2010 Retrieved from http//www. managementstudyguide. com/team-development. htm on December 17, 2012. This stage reminds me of a project I was chosen to be part of. A group of us were chosen to develop a plan of action geared toward increasing unhurried satisfaction in the hospital, due to poor results from a survey taken.During this Forming stage, we took the time to get to know each other what our strengths were, and by doing this we were able-bodied to create a mission statement for the team and begin our creative process. Storming Stage The storming stage of team development is a period of high emotionality and tension among group members Organizational Behavior (Schermerhorn J 2012,pg. 156). Compet ition and resistance to the ideas offered by other team members begin to occur in this stage. Everyone wants their own ideas or that of their friend to be chosen.In my experience with team work, this stage is where member began to become more relaxed and sure of themselves, throwing ideas on the table and thinking their ideas are the best ones. Norming Stage In this stage, members bound to remember the reason they are there and re-focus on the task at hand. While enjoying a new sense of harmony, team members will strive to keep back positive balance Organizational Behavior (Schermerhorn J 2012, pg 156). Members begin to feel like they have perfected the ability to work in groups at this time, developing a premature sense of accomplishment.At this stage my team started putting a plan in place to revamp how patients are treated during their hospital visits. Performing Stage In this stage of development, the team becomes more mature and organized. They know what the goals of the tea m are and work together to achieve success. Team members are able to do their own problem solving since they are sure of themselves and what their duties are. Team members came together and all the ideas that we shared now became a plan of action to mend patient satisfaction at our Hospitals six facilities. Adjourning StageAt this stage team members learn to come together, get the job done quickly and go about their own business. Their willingness to disband when the job is done and to work well together in future responsibilities, team or otherwise, is a long-term quiz of team success. Organizational Behavior (Schermerhorn J 2012, pg 157) The five stages of team development really helped me to put the process of team work in perspective. Knowing what these stages all means and represents, gives me a better understanding of how to organize projects and what stage we are at in any given project.

Personal Life and Dear Fellow Students Essay

Is there anyone out there willing to debase a painting at the cost of his or her eyes? No one, am I refine? I am sorry to have elect a harsh analogy, but in fact, this is what we do when we conk mere fermentaholics. We sacrifice too severely on something in search of happiness which at long last turns out to be the truly reason for our sorrowfulness Respected judges, teachers and my dear fellow students a rattling good morning to you all. Be it us, the students, our parents or the spheric lamforce, the contemporary living of all of us has find extremely busy.We have set uped kind of an goal driven and materialistic attitude towards briotime and living. To the tip that we care notwithstanding the marks and money We codt, or little realize that ceaseless running(a) or studying reduces our efficiency and make our flavour damp and depressing. Dear fellow students, somatic, recreational and peace behavior activities are real important, and yet, necessary compo nent of a happy and healthy invigoration. It helps the undeterred growth of our sound judgment and body at the same time adding smiling and tenderness to our daily vitality.Hence, the value of relaxing and having gaiety is just as significant as the grandness of a dedicated contrives(a) day at office, or a committed day of statement at school. As the saying goes All drill and no play makes Jack a dawdling boy one must not moreover give-up the ghost hard but also hold equal time to nature the mental and bodily aspect of life. Therefore, in essence, to position ourselves as well-formed, up-and-coming and happy individuals in our society we must get around a balance between our lay down and entertainment, program line and play.After all, what is the use of having a huge join of wealth or knowledge if one doesnt have a cheerful personality to sleep with them? Is there anyone out there willing to demoralise a painting at the cost of his or her eyes? No one, am I off ice? I am sorry to have chosen a harsh analogy, but in fact, this is what we do when we sustain mere workaholics. We sacrifice too to a great conclusion on something in search of happiness which lastly turns out to be the rattling reason for our gloominess Respected judges, teachers and my dear fellow students a truly good morning to you all.Be it us, the students, our parents or the world(a) workforce, the contemporary life of all of us has survive extremely busy. We have rebeled kind of an end driven and materialistic attitude towards life and living. To the point that we care yet the marks and money We fathert, or little realize that ceaseless operative or studying reduces our efficiency and make our life weighted and depressing. Dear fellow students, animal(prenominal), recreational and remainder activities are very important, and yet, necessary component of a happy and healthy life.It helps the undeterred growth of our legal opinion and body at the same time adding pull a face and tenderness to our daily life. Hence, the value of relaxing and having maneuver is just as significant as the immenseness of a dedicated pastimectional day at office, or a committed day of acquire at school. As the saying goes All work and no play makes Jack a torpid boy one must not entirely work hard but also bless equal time to nature the mental and bodily aspect of life. Therefore, in essence, to position ourselves as well-formed, mobile and happy individuals in our society we must train a balance between our work and entertainment, grooming and play.After all, what is the use of having a huge measuring of wealth or knowledge if one doesnt have a cheerful personality to have sex them? Is there anyone out there willing to pervert a painting at the cost of his or her eyes? No one, am I salutary? I am sorry to have chosen a harsh analogy, but in fact, this is what we do when we fetch mere workaholics. We sacrifice too hard on something in search of happiness which eventually turns out to be the very reason for our sorrow Respected judges, teachers and my dear fellow students a very good morning to you all.Be it us, the students, our parents or the orbicular workforce, the contemporary life of all of us has kick the bucket extremely busy. We have suffered kind of an reject driven and materialistic attitude towards life and living. To the effect that we care besides the marks and money We get intot, or little realize that ceaseless workings or studying reduces our efficiency and make our life muted and depressing. Dear fellow students, corporal, recreational and peacefulness activities are very important, and yet, necessary component of a happy and healthy life.It helps the undeterred growth of our estimation and body at the same time adding grimace and tenderness to our daily life. Hence, the value of relaxing and having athletics is just as significant as the greatness of a dedicated working d ay at office, or a committed day of culture at school. As the saying goes All work and no play makes Jack a deadening boy one must not save work hard but also hold equal time to nature the mental and strong-arm aspect of life. Therefore, in essence, to position ourselves as well-formed, nimble and happy individuals in our society we must commence a balance between our work and entertainment, knowledge and play.After all, what is the use of having a huge keep down of wealth or knowledge if one doesnt have a cheerful personality to enrapture them? Is there anyone out there willing to corrupt a painting at the cost of his or her eyes? No one, am I business? I am sorry to have chosen a harsh analogy, but in fact, this is what we do when we kick the bucket mere workaholics. We sacrifice too heavy on something in search of happiness which in the long run turns out to be the very reason for our gloominess Respected judges, teachers and my dear fellow students a very good mo rning to you all.Be it us, the students, our parents or the globular workforce, the contemporary life of all of us has become extremely busy. We have developed kind of an fair game driven and materialistic attitude towards life and living. To the consummation that we care only the marks and money We forefathert, or little realize that ceaseless working or studying reduces our efficiency and make our life dull and depressing. Dear fellow students, physical, recreational and peacefulness activities are very important, and yet, necessary component of a happy and healthy life.It helps the undeterred growth of our thinker and body at the same time adding make a face and tenderness to our daily life. Hence, the value of relaxing and having summercater is just as significant as the immenseness of a dedicated working day at office, or a committed day of instruction at school. As the saying goes All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy one must not only work hard but also hand e qual time to nature the mental and physical aspect of life. Therefore, in essence, to position ourselves as well-formed, spry and happy individuals in our society we must develop a balance between our work and entertainment, reading and play.After all, what is the use of having a huge core of wealth or knowledge if one doesnt have a cheerful personality to bed them? Is there anyone out there willing to subvert a painting at the cost of his or her eyes? No one, am I proper? I am sorry to have chosen a harsh analogy, but in fact, this is what we do when we become mere workaholics. We sacrifice too severely on something in search of happiness which ultimately turns out to be the very reason for our sadness Respected judges, teachers and my dear fellow students a very good morning to you all.Be it us, the students, our parents or the worldwide workforce, the contemporary life of all of us has become extremely busy. We have developed kind of an inclination driven and material istic attitude towards life and living. To the extent that we care only the marks and money We outweart, or little realize that ceaseless working or studying reduces our efficiency and make our life dull and depressing. Dear fellow students, physical, recreational and quiet activities are very important, and yet, necessary component of a happy and healthy life.It helps the undeterred growth of our legal opinion and body at the same time adding grinning and tenderness to our daily life. Hence, the value of relaxing and having looseness is just as significant as the wideness of a dedicated working day at office, or a committed day of scholarship at school. As the saying goes All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy one must not only work hard but also afford equal time to nature the mental and physical aspect of life. Therefore, in essence, to position ourselves as well-formed, unflagging and happy individuals in our society we must develop a balance between our work and e ntertainment, breeding and play.After all, what is the use of having a huge number of wealth or knowledge if one doesnt have a cheerful personality to sleep together them? Is there anyone out there willing to buy a painting at the cost of his or her eyes? No one, am I duty? I am sorry to have chosen a harsh analogy, but in fact, this is what we do when we become mere workaholics. We sacrifice too heavily on something in search of happiness which ultimately turns out to be the very reason for our sorrow Respected judges, teachers and my dear fellow students a very good morning to you all.Be it us, the students, our parents or the globular workforce, the contemporary life of all of us has become extremely busy. We have developed kind of an object driven and materialistic attitude towards life and living. To the extent that we care only the marks and money We usurpt, or little realize that ceaseless working or studying reduces our efficiency and make our life dull and depressi ng. Dear fellow students, physical, recreational and residuum activities are very important, and yet, necessary component of a happy and healthy life.It helps the undeterred growth of our take heed and body at the same time adding grinning and tenderness to our daily life. Hence, the value of relaxing and having fun is just as significant as the magnificence of a dedicated working day at office, or a committed day of learning at school. As the saying goes All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy one must not only work hard but also break equal time to nature the mental and physical aspect of life. Therefore, in essence, to position ourselves as well-formed, high-energy and happy individuals in our society we must develop a balance between our work and entertainment, education and play.After all, what is the use of having a huge bar of wealth or knowledge if one doesnt have a cheerful personality to lie with them? Is there anyone out there willing to buy a painting at the c ost of his or her eyes? No one, am I right? I am sorry to have chosen a harsh analogy, but in fact, this is what we do when we become mere workaholics. We sacrifice too heavily on something in search of happiness which ultimately turns out to be the very reason for our unhappiness Respected judges, teachers and my dear fellow students a very good morning to you all.Be it us, the students, our parents or the global workforce, the contemporary life of all of us has become extremely busy. We have developed kind of an object driven and materialistic attitude towards life and living. To the extent that we care only the marks and money We wear thint, or little realize that ceaseless working or studying reduces our efficiency and make our life dull and depressing. Dear fellow students, physical, recreational and relaxation activities are very important, and yet, necessary component of a happy and healthy life.It helps the undeterred growth of our mind and body at the same time adding smi le and tenderness to our daily life. Hence, the value of relaxing and having fun is just as significant as the importance of a dedicated working day at office, or a committed day of learning at school. As the saying goes All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy one must not only work hard but also devote equal time to nature the mental and physical aspect of life. Therefore, in essence, to position ourselves as well-formed, energetic and happy individuals in our society we must develop a balance between our work and entertainment, education and play.After all, what is the use of having a huge amount of wealth or knowledge if one doesnt have a cheerful personality to enjoy them? Is there anyone out there willing to buy a painting at the cost of his or her eyes? No one, am I right? I am sorry to have chosen a harsh analogy, but in fact, this is what we do when we become mere workaholics. We sacrifice too heavily on something in search of happiness which ultimately turns out to be th e very reason for our unhappiness Respected judges, teachers and my dear fellow students a very good morning to you all.Be it us, the students, our parents or the global workforce, the contemporary life of all of us has become extremely busy. We have developed kind of an object driven and materialistic attitude towards life and living. To the extent that we care only the marks and money We dont, or little realize that ceaseless working or studying reduces our efficiency and make our life dull and depressing. Dear fellow students, physical, recreational and relaxation activities are very important, and yet, necessary component of a happy and healthy life.It helps the undeterred growth of our mind and body at the same time adding smile and tenderness to our daily life. Hence, the value of relaxing and having fun is just as significant as the importance of a dedicated working day at office, or a committed day of learning at school. As the saying goes All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy one must not only work hard but also devote equal time to nature the mental and physical aspect of life. Therefore, in essence, to position ourselves as well-formed, energetic and happy individuals in our society we must develop a balance between our work and entertainment, education and play.After all, what is the use of having a huge amount of wealth or knowledge if one doesnt have a cheerful personality to enjoy them? Is there anyone out there willing to buy a painting at the cost of his or her eyes? No one, am I right? I am sorry to have chosen a harsh analogy, but in fact, this is what we do when we become mere workaholics. We sacrifice too heavily on something in search of happiness which ultimately turns out to be the very reason for our unhappiness Respected judges, teachers and my dear fellow students a very good morning to you all.Be it us, the students, our parents or the global workforce, the contemporary life of all of us has become extremely busy. We have dev eloped kind of an object driven and materialistic attitude towards life and living. To the extent that we care only the marks and money We dont, or little realize that ceaseless working or studying reduces our efficiency and make our life dull and depressing. Dear fellow students, physical, recreational and relaxation activities are very important, and yet, necessary component of a happy and healthy life.It helps the undeterred growth of our mind and body at the same time adding smile and tenderness to our daily life. Hence, the value of relaxing and having fun is just as significant as the importance of a dedicated working day at office, or a committed day of learning at school. As the saying goes All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy one must not only work hard but also devote equal time to nature the mental and physical aspect of life. Therefore, in essence, to position ourselves as well-formed, energetic and happy individuals in our society we must develop a balance between our work and entertainment, education and play.After all, what is the use of having a huge amount of wealth or knowledge if one doesnt have a cheerful personality to enjoy them? Is there anyone out there willing to buy a painting at the cost of his or her eyes? No one, am I right? I am sorry to have chosen a harsh analogy, but in fact, this is what we do when we become mere workaholics. We sacrifice too heavily on something in search of happiness which ultimately turns out to be the very reason for our unhappiness Respected judges, teachers and my dear fellow students a very good morning to you all.Be it us, the students, our parents or the global workforce, the contemporary life of all of us has become extremely busy. We have developed kind of an object driven and materialistic attitude towards life and living. To the extent that we care only the marks and money We dont, or little realize that ceaseless working or studying reduces our efficiency and make our life dull and depress ing. Dear fellow students, physical, recreational and relaxation activities are very important, and yet, necessary component of a happy and healthy life.It helps the undeterred growth of our mind and body at the same time adding smile and tenderness to our daily life. Hence, the value of relaxing and having fun is just as significant as the importance of a dedicated working day at office, or a committed day of learning at school. As the saying goes All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy one must not only work hard but also devote equal time to nature the mental and physical aspect of life. Therefore, in essence, to position ourselves as well-formed, energetic and happy individuals in our society we must develop a balance between our work and entertainment, education and play.After all, what is the use of having a huge amount of wealth or knowledge if one doesnt have a cheerful personality to enjoy them? Is there anyone out there willing to buy a painting at the cost of his or he r eyes? No one, am I right? I am sorry to have chosen a harsh analogy, but in fact, this is what we do when we become mere workaholics. We sacrifice too heavily on something in search of happiness which ultimately turns out to be the very reason for our unhappiness Respected judges, teachers and my dear fellow students a very good morning to you all.Be it us, the students, our parents or the global workforce, the contemporary life of all of us has become extremely busy. We have developed kind of an object driven and materialistic attitude towards life and living. To the extent that we care only the marks and money We dont, or little realize that ceaseless working or studying reduces our efficiency and make our life dull and depressing. Dear fellow students, physical, recreational and relaxation activities are very important, and yet, necessary component of a happy and healthy life.It helps the undeterred growth of our mind and body at the same time adding smile and tenderness to ou r daily life. Hence, the value of relaxing and having fun is just as significant as the importance of a dedicated working day at office, or a committed day of learning at school. As the saying goes All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy one must not only work hard but also devote equal time to nature the mental and physical aspect of life. Therefore, in essence, to position ourselves as well-formed, energetic and happy individuals in our society we must develop a balance between our work and entertainment, education and play.After all, what is the use of having a huge amount of wealth or knowledge if one doesnt have a cheerful personality to enjoy them? Is there anyone out there willing to buy a painting at the cost of his or her eyes? No one, am I right? I am sorry to have chosen a harsh analogy, but in fact, this is what we do when we become mere workaholics. We sacrifice too heavily on something in search of happiness which ultimately turns out to be the very reason for our u nhappiness Respected judges, teachers and my dear fellow students a very good morning to you all.Be it us, the students, our parents or the global workforce, the contemporary life of all of us has become extremely busy. We have developed kind of an object driven and materialistic attitude towards life and living. To the extent that we care only the marks and money We dont, or little realize that ceaseless working or studying reduces our efficiency and make our life dull and depressing. Dear fellow students, physical, recreational and relaxation activities are very important, and yet, necessary component of a happy and healthy life.It helps the undeterred growth of our mind and body at the same time adding smile and tenderness to our daily life. Hence, the value of relaxing and having fun is just as significant as the importance of a dedicated working day at office, or a committed day of learning at school. As the saying goes All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy one must not o nly work hard but also devote equal time to nature the mental and physical aspect of life. Therefore, in essence, to position ourselves as well-formed, energetic and happy individuals in our society we must develop a balance between our work and entertainment, education and play.After all, what is the use of having a huge amount of wealth or knowledge if one doesnt have a cheerful personality to enjoy them? Is there anyone out there willing to buy a painting at the cost of his or her eyes? No one, am I right? I am sorry to have chosen a harsh analogy, but in fact, this is what we do when we become mere workaholics. We sacrifice too heavily on something in search of happiness which ultimately turns out to be the very reason for our unhappiness Respected judges, teachers and my dear fellow students a very good morning to you all.Be it us, the students, our parents or the global workforce, the contemporary life of all of us has become extremely busy. We have developed kind of an objec t driven and materialistic attitude towards life and living. To the extent that we care only the marks and money We dont, or little realize that ceaseless working or studying reduces our efficiency and make our life dull and depressing. Dear fellow students, physical, recreational and relaxation activities are very important, and yet, necessary component of a happy and healthy life.It helps the undeterred growth of our mind and body at the same time adding smile and tenderness to our daily life. Hence, the value of relaxing and having fun is just as significant as the importance of a dedicated working day at office, or a committed day of learning at school. As the saying goes All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy one must not only work hard but also devote equal time to nature the mental and physical aspect of life. Therefore, in essence, to position ourselves as well-formed, energetic and happy individuals in our society we must develop a balance between our work and entertain ment, education and play.After all, what is the use of having a huge amount of wealth or knowledge if one doesnt have a cheerful personality to enjoy them? Is there anyone out there willing to buy a painting at the cost of his or her eyes? No one, am I right? I am sorry to have chosen a harsh analogy, but in fact, this is what we do when we become mere workaholics. We sacrifice too heavily on something in search of happiness which ultimately turns out to be the very reason for our unhappiness Respected judges, teachers and my dear fellow students a very good morning to you all.Be it us, the students, our parents or the global workforce, the contemporary life of all of us has become extremely busy. We have developed kind of an object driven and materialistic attitude towards life and living. To the extent that we care only the marks and money We dont, or little realize that ceaseless working or studying reduces our efficiency and make our life dull and depressing. Dear fellow studen ts, physical, recreational and relaxation activities are very important, and yet, necessary component of a happy and healthy life.It helps the undeterred growth of our mind and body at the same time adding smile and tenderness to our daily life. Hence, the value of relaxing and having fun is just as significant as the importance of a dedicated working day at office, or a committed day of learning at school. As the saying goes All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy one must not only work hard but also devote equal time to nature the mental and physical aspect of life. Therefore, in essence, to position ourselves as well-formed, energetic and happy individuals in our society we must develop a balance between our work and entertainment, education and play.After all, what is the use of having a huge amount of wealth or knowledge if one doesnt have a cheerful personality to enjoy them? Is there anyone out there willing to buy a painting at the cost of his or her eyes? No one, am I ri ght? I am sorry to have chosen a harsh analogy, but in fact, this is what we do when we become mere workaholics. We sacrifice too heavily on something in search of happiness which ultimately turns out to be the very reason for our unhappiness Respected judges, teachers and my dear fellow students a very good morning to you all.Be it us, the students, our parents or the global workforce, the contemporary life of all of us has become extremely busy. We have developed kind of an object driven and materialistic attitude towards life and living. To the extent that we care only the marks and money We dont, or little realize that ceaseless working or studying reduces our efficiency and make our life dull and depressing. Dear fellow students, physical, recreational and relaxation activities are very important, and yet, necessary component of a happy and healthy life.It helps the undeterred growth of our mind and body at the same time adding smile and tenderness to our daily life. Hence, th e value of relaxing and having fun is just as significant as the importance of a dedicated working day at office, or a committed day of learning at school. As the saying goes All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy one must not only work hard but also devote equal time to nature the mental and physical aspect of life. Therefore, in essence, to position ourselves as well-formed, energetic and happy individuals in our society we must develop a balance between our work and entertainment, education and play.After all, what is the use of having a huge amount of wealth or knowledge if one doesnt have a cheerful personality to enjoy them? Is there anyone out there willing to buy a painting at the cost of his or her eyes? No one, am I right? I am sorry to have chosen a harsh analogy, but in fact, this is what we do when we become mere workaholics. We sacrifice too heavily on something in search of happiness which ultimately turns out to be the very reason for our unhappiness Respected ju dges, teachers and my dear fellow students a very good morning to you all.Be it us, the students, our parents or the global workforce, the contemporary life of all of us has become extremely busy. We have developed kind of an object driven and materialistic attitude towards life and living. To the extent that we care only the marks and money We dont, or little realize that ceaseless working or studying reduces our efficiency and make our life dull and depressing. Dear fellow students, physical, recreational and relaxation activities are very important, and yet, necessary component of a happy and healthy life.It helps the undeterred growth of our mind and body at the same time adding smile and tenderness to our daily life. Hence, the value of relaxing and having fun is just as significant as the importance of a dedicated working day at office, or a committed day of learning at school. As the saying goes All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy one must not only work hard but also devote equal time to nature the mental and physical aspect of life. Therefore, in essence, to position ourselves as well-formed, energetic and happy individuals in our society we must develop a balance between our work and entertainment, education and play.After all, what is the use of having a huge amount of wealth or knowledge if one doesnt have a cheerful personality to enjoy them? Is there anyone out there willing to buy a painting at the cost of his or her eyes? No one, am I right? I am sorry to have chosen a harsh analogy, but in fact, this is what we do when we become mere workaholics. We sacrifice too heavily on something in search of happiness which ultimately turns out to be the very reason for our unhappiness Respected judges, teachers and my dear fellow students a very good morning to you all.Be it us, the students, our parents or the global workforce, the contemporary life of all of us has become extremely busy. We have developed kind of an object driven and materialis tic attitude towards life and living. To the extent that we care only the marks and money We dont, or little realize that ceaseless working or studying reduces our efficiency and make our life dull and depressing. Dear fellow students, physical, recreational and relaxation activities are very important, and yet, necessary component of a happy and healthy life.It helps the undeterred growth of our mind and body at the same time adding smile and tenderness to our daily life. Hence, the value of relaxing and having fun is just as significant as the importance of a dedicated working day at office, or a committed day of learning at school. As the saying goes All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy one must not only work hard but also devote equal time to nature the mental and physical aspect of life. Therefore, in essence, to position ourselves as well-formed, energetic and happy individuals in our society we must develop a balance between our work and entertainment, education and pla y.After all, what is the use of having a huge amount of wealth or knowledge if one doesnt have a cheerful personality to enjoy them? Is there anyone out there willing to buy a painting at the cost of his or her eyes? No one, am I right? I am sorry to have chosen a harsh analogy, but in fact, this is what we do when we become mere workaholics. We sacrifice too heavily on something in search of happiness which ultimately turns out to be the very reason for our unhappiness Respected judges, teachers and my dear fellow students a very good morning to you all.Be it us, the students, our parents or the global workforce, the contemporary life of all of us has become extremely busy. We have developed kind of an object driven and materialistic attitude towards life and living. To the extent that we care only the marks and money We dont, or little realize that ceaseless working or studying reduces our efficiency and make our life dull and depressing. Dear fellow students, physical, recreatio nal and relaxation activities are very important, and yet, necessary component of a happy and healthy life.It helps the undeterred growth of our mind and body at the same time adding smile and tenderness to our daily life. Hence, the value of relaxing and having fun is just as significant as the importance of a dedicated working day at office, or a committed day of learning at school. As the saying goes All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy one must not only work hard but also devote equal time to nature the mental and physical aspect of life. Therefore, in essence, to position ourselves as well-formed, energetic and happy individuals in our society we must develop a balance between our work and entertainment, education and play.After all, what is the use of having a huge amount of wealth or knowledge if one doesnt have a cheerful personality to enjoy them? Is there anyone out there willing to buy a painting at the cost of his or her eyes? No one, am I right? I am sorry to have chosen a harsh analogy, but in fact, this is what we do when we become mere workaholics. We sacrifice too heavily on something in search of happiness which ultimately turns out to be the very reason for our unhappinessRespected judges, teachers and my dear fellow students a very good morning to you all. Be it us, the students, our parents or the global workforce, the contemporary life of all of us has become extremely busy. We have developed kind of an object driven and materialistic attitude towards life and living. To the extent that we care only the marks and money We dont, or little realize that ceaseless working or studying reduces our efficiency and make our life dull and depressing. Dear fellow students, physical, recreational and relaxation activities are.

The Importance And Advantages Of Oleochemical Industry Environmental Sciences Essay

Oleochemicals which is the chemical merchandise that infusion from kit and boodle or carnal embrocate color. The formation of oleochemical atomic number 18 from fatty acids, fatty intoxi merchant shipt, methyl esters and glycerol. In Malaysia, oleochemical started from early 1980 s. The Malayan Oleochemical Manufactures Group ( MOMG ) was established in January 1984 when the industry attracted more manufacturer. MOMG uses the renewable natural natural stuff such as palm oil, coco palm oil and medallion subject matters oil which ar environment friendly. collectable to the planetary heating and depleting of dodo fuel, biodiesel im opus be the following great potency as a cost-efficient feed stake for fossil fuel. Palm oil or another(prenominal) vegetable oil can be use to make biodiesel for internal keen engines. After assorted with petro Diesel, biodiesel can utilize in any diesel engine. Normally vehicle industry limit their recommendation to 15 % biodiesel blended with p etro Diesel. In Europe, biodiesel is most common. R & A D have research that biodiesel is more clean energy than fossil fuel, it release less C dioxide, C monoxide and process dioxide after burning. Not merely that, biodiesel is more economical as biodiesel can be use straight without altering or modified the vehicle engine.The magnificence and advantages of Oleochemical Industry ( Biodiesel ) in our SocietyThe oleochemical industry that bring frontwarding biodiesel have unpredictable net income potency since the dodo fuel beginnings are con shopping centreing over the old ages and this pull up stakes do the use of biodiesel additions. Biodiesel is mixable with crude oil based Diesel and this provides several advantages. For illustration, biodiesel can be obtained from a renewable and wide give out handiness of feedstock. Furthermore, biodiesel has the homogeneous energy degree for per gallon like petroleum-based DieselThe biodiesel is produced from works and other organic na tural stuffs and the procedures of bring forthing biodiesel are sufferingless to the Earth compared to boring for oil which ca employ vast amendss to the Earth. Since we able to bring forth biodiesel and cosmos utilise in domestic, on that point are no international complications will be involved. This will assist squawk up our national security. Besides that, it can forestall the planetary state of affairs to impact the monetary value of biodiesel.The chief ground of oleochemical industry can be so successful is because of the alternate biofuel such as biodiesel is a C impersonal one which means it does nt non breathe any C gases in the signifier of C dioxide. As we know C dioxide is the chief part to the nursery gas emanations. Besides that, biodiesel is biodegradable and less harmful than fossil fuel. Due to the lubricating consequence by the biodiesel, the Diesel engine s life-time is last longer and it is more efficiency. Therefore, biodiesel becomes one of the most of im port alternate fuel for burning in Diesel engines.The provision & A Demand of BiodieselDue to the worsening of fossil fuels around the universe, assorted authoritiess all over the universe have passed policies to assist in the fruit and phasing-in of bio-fuels to cut down the ingestion of fossil fuel. For illustration, the United States of America had passed a Renewable Fuel Standard ( RFS ) in 2010 for the production of 650 million gallons of biodiesel in 2010, firearm in Brazil, all gasolene requires around 20-25 % of ethyl alcohol blended into them and since Jan. 1 2010, Brazil had begun a B-5 authorization which requires the phasing in of 5 % biodiesel into fossil fuels.In add-on, due to the EU s ( European Union ) determined policies, biofuel ingestion is set to increase aggressively. Previously, the EU had set a end for all their fellow member states to accomplish a minimal mark of 5.75 % biofuel production by the twelvemonth 2010, which was estimated to be around 14 milli on metric tons, and later increase the sum to 10 % biofuel production by the twelvemonth 2020.South East Asiatic states like Indonesia and the Philippines have besides set a B2.5 authorization which requires the phasing in of 2.5 % biodiesel into fossil fuel Diesels in their internal market. Malaysia has besides implemented a B5 authorization which requires all diesel fuels sold in the state to phase-in 5 % of biodiesel. Therefore, with many states back uping the construct of bring forthing biofuels and the increasing world-wide demand, it shows that puting into the field of the production of biodiesel would be really profitable in the long tally.Costss of bring forthing biodiesel are dependent on the feedstock being used, the biodiesel works design and size, and the manner the works is being operated. Basically, soybean oil and thenar oil are the most normally used feedstock being used in the oleo chemical industry due to their widespread handiness and lowest priced for most of the clip. Although algae are one of the feedstock which can hold a high output of biodiesel, palm oil is still preferred over algae due the high capital of algae.Besides that, states like Indonesia and Malaysia, which in 2012 had preserve approximately 18,500,000 metric dozenss of palm oil produced, will turn out to be worthwhile states to put in for the production of biodiesel due to the fact that there are ample stuffs to bring forth biodiesel. Furthermore, with the deficiency of providers bring forthing biodiesel in the part ( South East Asia ) , to put in this field in the part would turn out to be worth the attempt.Procesess for synthesis of biodiesel from thenarThere are two chief procedure for synthesis of biodiesel from palmi?sPalm Oil Extraction from thenarMechanical ExtractionSolvent ExtractionTraditional Method Of Palm Kernel ExtractionThere are 8 chief procedures for the palm oil declension, those are bunch response, and weighing, clump quartering, bunch sterilisation, cl ump threshing/ denudation, oil thenar fruit digestion, palm oil pressure, palm oil elucidation, palm oil drying and palm oil storage ( Figure 6.1 ) . The extraction of palm oil can be done by three methods a. ) Mechanical Extraction, B. ) Solvent extraction and c. ) Traditional method of palm meats extraction.2. Trans-esterificationTrans-esterification besides known as alcoholysis. It is a chemical procedure that decrease the viscousness of palm oil and bring forth biodiesel by displace inebriant from an ester utilizing another intoxicant. This chemical procedure contains three subsequent reversible reactions I. ) Chemical reaction between triglycerides of palm oil and intoxicant to bring forth diglycerides and ester, two. ) Chemical reaction between diglycerides and intoxicant to bring forth monoglycerides and ester, three. ) Chemical reaction between monoglycerides and intoxicant to bring forth glycerol and ester ( general equation in Figure 6.2 ) . Transesterification can eithe r be performed by the nowadays of flatulency ( catalytic procedure ) or without the nowadays of accelerator ( non-catalytic procedure ) ( Figure 6.3 ) .During the synthesis of biodiesel, there are some safeguard stairss need to be taken to guarantee the whole procedure can be done in safe status. One of the safeguard measure is ever do certain that the armored combat vehicles used in treating biodiesel are in good status. Besides that, do certain that all the electrical powered are non over heated, over-pressurized and improperly installed. Use an detonation cogent evidence ram to reverse from go forthing the motor and prosecute the professionals to put in and keep the pump.The Impact on the EnvironmentThe procedure of deducing oleochemical can be divided into Fat Splitting, Distillation, fractionation by Crystallization, Fractionation by Distillation, Hydrogenation and Ion Exchange. All the stated procedure might hold some impacts on the environment, such asA power works will b e needed to provide a big sum of energy to the oleochemical industry. In order to put in a power works in the mill, infinite and fuel are indispensable. However, fossil fuel is non environment friendly because it will bring forth toxic gases such as CO and SO3, which could do air pollution. Besides, nursery gases such as CO2, O3, H2O bluess, and CH4, released from the power works, farther contribute to greenhouse effects.Natural stuffs are limited. Human may lose from nutrient lack due to inordinate use of animate beings and workss fats as natural stuff for oleochemical industry. Animal fats, being a side watercourse from the meat production, have a limited handiness , said European Oleochemicals & A Allied Products Group. Animal fats cover more than 50 % of the natural stuff demands in the European Oleochemical Industry .The procedures of deducing oleochemicals such as ( splitting, refinement, neutralisation and distillment ) will bring forth heat energy. Since H2O has a really high especial(a) heat capacity, it will be used in chilling system. In the chilling system, heat energy will be convey to the H2O, which increases the temperature of H2O. If we discard the bouncy H2O into river, the temperature will subsequently interrupt the temperature of the river H2O. Even though it could be a really little alteration of temperature, but it may do demise to the aquatic lives due to inadequate temperature which affects the activity of enzymes.There is no cogent evidence that neither natural stuffs nor merchandises are safe to human, animate beings and workss even though it s derived from workss or animate beings beginnings. Therefore, all the natural stuffs and merchandises must be handled with attention by comparative field experts. The handling, storage, and transit of these stuffs should to be managed decently to avoid or minimise the potency for environmental impacts .Pollutant, toxic and nursery gases will do pollution and nursery consequence if we rel ease it straight into atmosphere. Being of So3 and other toxic gases in ambiance can do respiratory jobs on worlds and animate beings.If the waste merchandises of fat dividing procedure such as lipoids, acids and bases were discarded to land, it will do dirt pollution. Plants will be unable to turn and this farther destroys the home ground of the animate beings.When the mill is runing, machines and runing systems will bring forth hindrance and disturb nearby abode. A suited and scheme location which located far off from town and abode country can be used to put the mill.A accelerator such as Pt or Ni may be required to rush up the rate of reaction. These accelerators are expensive and need to be recycled so that we can cut down the costs and besides save the environment.The merchandises might dwell of new and unknown chemicals. To publish the toxicity or other side effects, carnal testing or carnal test can be conducted. This is an inhumane pattern, which may impact the ecosystem if the toxic is spread among the vegetations and zoologies. The worst unmanageable instance is that the chemicals cause malignant neoplastic disease or mutant inside the carnal organic structure and spread among each other. Therefore, the pattern of carnal testing must be carried out in a little graduated table, and the figure of animate being used for proving should be either bit least as possible. Besides, the animate beings must be quarantined and separated from the others, as this could farther minimise biological pollution.Future authorization of the Oleochemical IndustryOleochemical industry is one of the fastest growing industry for biofuels. In the following few old ages, merchandises produced by oleochemical industry are expected to replace those from petrochemicals. around of the oleochemical industry are based on thenar and palm meat oils, so other new natural stuff beginnings are hoped to be represent out to replace them, which are cheaper and easy to be obtained.To protect the female parent Earth, costs of production should non be the first consideration while the environmental impact of a chemical to the user and environment is anticipated to be more of import. Environmental issues such as biodegradation, non-toxicity and life rhythm analysis are the chief consideration that will be used in the hereafter to find whether a chemical should be commercially produced or non.Biotechnology aslo every bit known as biotransformation procedure is used to bring forth basic oleochemicals and intermediate merchandises that based on chemical procedures. This will be the future tense engineering and will be used to bring forth functionality oleochemicals.DecisionThe universe is confronting the depleting of fossil fuels, so the demand of oleochmical merchandises will go on transcend the supply. Oleochemical plays a really of import function in supplying an alternate to replace the dodo fuels because the merchandises of oleochemical are environmental friendl y. However, mass feats of this industry will still harm the environment to a certain extent. Hence, safeguard steps must be taken and careful deliberation over the issues that will go on in the first place it creates a job to our society.Mention1 ) Jibrail B Kansedo, University Sains Malaysia, Synthesis Of Biodiesel From Palm Oil And Sea Mango Oil Using Sulfated Zirconia Catalyst. lendable from & lt hypertext ravishee protocol //eprints.usm.my/15765/1/SYNTHESIS_OF_BIODIESEL_FROM_PALM_OIL_AND_SEA_MANGO_OIL_USING_SULFATED_ZIRCONIA_CATALYST.pdf & gt July 2009 2 ) Siti Fatimah Arifin, University Malaysia Pahang, Faculty Of Chemical And Natural Resources Engineering, mathematical product Of Biodiesel From Waste Cooking Oil And RBD Palm Oil Using Batch Transesterification Process. Available from & lt hypertext transfer protocol //umpir.ump.edu.my/861/1/Siti_Fatimah_Arifin.pdf & gt May 2009 3 ) Rhonda Day, eHow, Safety and Hazard Precautions In Biodiesel Production. Available f rom & lt hypertext transfer protocol //www.ehow.com/list_6793134_safety-hazard-precautions-biodiesel-production.htm & gt 4 ) FAO Corporate Document Repository, Palm Oil Processing. Available from & lt hypertext transfer protocol //www.fao.org/docrep/005/Y4355E/y4355e04.htm & gt 5 ) FAO Corporative Document Repository, Palm Kernel Oil Extraction. Available from & lt hypertext transfer protocol //www.fao.org/docrep/005/Y4355E/y4355e06.htm TopOfPage & gt 6 ) Centre for Transportation Analysis, Global Supply and DemandA of Biofuels, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Available from & lt hypertext transfer protocol //cta.ornl.gov/TRBenergy/trb_documents/2011 % 20presentations/Duffield % 20Global % 20Supply % 20and % 20Demand % 20- % 20Session % 20319.pdf & gt January 2011 7 ) Future Potential of Oleochemical Industry. Available from & lt hypertext transfer protocol //palmoilis.mpob.gov.my/Vtour/gallery_html/g9_3.htm & gt 8 ) Malaysia Palm Oil Production by Year, 1964-2012. Available from & lt hypertext transfer protocol //www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/ ? country=my & A commodity=palm-oil & A graph=production-growth-rate & gt 9 ) ASEAN Oleochemical Manufacturers Group, Country Section Malaysia. Available from & lt hypertext transfer protocol //www.aomg.org.my/index.php? option=com_content & A task=view & A id=15 & A Itemid=32 & gt 10 ) ClimateAvene, the Use of Plam Oil as Biofule and Biodiesel. Available from & lt hypertext transfer protocol //www.climateavenue.com/en.biodiesel.palm.oil.htm & gt 11 ) ClimateAvene, Sustainable Palm Oil Cultivation and Climate Change. Available from& lt hypertext transfer protocol //www.climateavenue.com/en.biod.climate.index.htm & gt 12 ) Wolfgang Rupilius and Salmiah Ahmad, The Changing World of Oleochemicals. Available from & lt hypertext transfer protocol //www.chgs.com.my/chinese/download/Palm % 20Oil % 20Developments/june % 202006/The % 20changing % 20world % 20of % 20Oleochemicals.pdf & gt 13 ) International Fina nce Corporation, IFC, 2007, Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Oleochemicals Manufacturing Online . Available from & lt hypertext transfer protocol //www1.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/f5c493804886588bb656f66a6515bb18/Final % 2B- % 2BOleochemicals % 2BManufacturing.pdf? stylish=AJPERES & A id=1323153202672 & gt 14 ) Trudy, T. , 2009, Man-made Ingredients The argument over synthetics Online Available at & lt hypertext transfer protocol //www.smallsimplelife.com/resources/petrochemicals-and-oleochemical-synthetics/ & gt 15 ) European Oleochemicals & A Allied Products Group, APAG 2006, Challenges and potency of biomass & A biofuels for the European Oleochemical industry Online . Available at & lt hypertext transfer protocol //www.europarl.europa.eu/hearings/20060601/itre/decooman_en.pdf & gt 16 ) Ahmad, Mohd Jaaffar, and Tang Thin Su, 2005 Supply and demand of biodiesel in the European Union ( EU ) . A Palm Oil DevA 42 ( 2005 ) 8-14.