Wednesday, March 11, 2020
Ibid. or Op. Cit. Latin Terms in Academic Referencing
Ibid. or Op. Cit. Latin Terms in Academic Referencing Ibid. or Op. Cit.? Latin Terms in Academic Referencing Weââ¬â¢ve written about the term ââ¬Å"et al.â⬠before. However, there are several other Latin terms we can use when referencing sources in an academic paper. In this post, we look at a few of the most common, including ââ¬Å"ibid.,â⬠ââ¬Å"op. cit.â⬠and ââ¬Å"loc. cit.,â⬠ââ¬Å"passim,â⬠and ââ¬Å"cf.â⬠1. Ibid. (In the Same Place) One of the most widely used Latin terms in academic referencing is ââ¬Å"ibid.â⬠This is short for ibidem, which means ââ¬Å"in the same place.â⬠It is therefore used for repeat citations: 1. Danielle Ward, Any Questions? (London: DTRT Publishing, 2017), p. 30. 2. Ibid. 3. Ibid., p. 39-41. Here, for example, we have three footnotes that all cite the same source. We give the full source information in the first footnote. After that, we use ââ¬Å"ibid.â⬠in the next two footnotes to show that weââ¬â¢re citing the same source without having to write the publication information out again. In the second footnote, we use ââ¬Å"ibid.â⬠by itself to cite the exact same page as the previous citation. But in the third, we also give page numbers to show that weââ¬â¢re citing a different part of the same text. 2. Loc. Cit. and Op. Cit. (Repeat Citations) The Latin terms ââ¬Å"loc. cit.â⬠and ââ¬Å"op. cit.â⬠are also used for repeat citations, but each one has a specific function. ââ¬Å"Loc. cit.â⬠is an abbreviation of loco citato, which means ââ¬Å"in the place cited.â⬠It is used when citing the exact same part of a source as in a previous citation: 1. Danielle Ward, Any Questions? (London: DTRT Publishing, 2017), p. 30. 2. Loc. cit. Since it is only used for the same part of a text, you never need to give a page number with ââ¬Å"loc. cit.â⬠Meanwhile, ââ¬Å"op. cit.â⬠is short for opere citato, which translates as ââ¬Å"in the work cited.â⬠We use this when referring to a different part of the cited text: 1. Michael Legge, Precious Little (New York: Pod Books, 2015), p. 198. 2. Op. cit., p. 102. With these terms, if you cite other texts before returning to the one you are citing again, you should also include the authorââ¬â¢s surname in the repeat citation to clarify which source youââ¬â¢re referencing. 3. Passim (Scattered Throughout) ââ¬Å"Passimâ⬠comes from the Latin word passus, which meant ââ¬Å"scattered.â⬠We therefore use it to reference information that is scattered throughout a text: This usage of ââ¬Å"democracyâ⬠is repeated throughout the text (Carlin, 2007, passim). Generally, it is better to give an exact citation if possible. But ââ¬Å"passimâ⬠can be used if you want to point to relevant information that appears in many different parts of a source. 4. Cf. (Comparisons) The term ââ¬Å"cf.â⬠is short for conferatum. This translates as ââ¬Å"compare,â⬠so we use ââ¬Å"cf.â⬠when we want to highlight a text for comparison: The approach adopted by Robins (2002) is a striking contrast to those used by their predecessors (cf. Blackburn, 1974). In this case, for instance, weââ¬â¢re using ââ¬Å"cf.â⬠to suggest a contrast between Robins and Blackburn. A Final Note Keep in mind that different referencing systems prefer different Latin terms! If youââ¬â¢re not sure which of these to use in your work, remember to check your college style guide first.
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
No comments:
Post a Comment